L'origine du CV (curiculum vitae)
DIVERS
+ DE 2 ANS
Le 15/04/2005 à 13h29
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Question d'origine :
Devenu d'un usage généralisé, même pour des métiers où un diplôme n'est pas nécessaire, j'aimerais connaître l'origine de cet usage :
- en France ( depuis le livret de travail instauré par Napoléon ?) ou autre ?
- les usages des certificats d'employeurs et autres recommandations
- des références pour d'autres pays si cela est possible, surtout si cela a contribué à faire évoluer la réglementation ou les pratiques chez nous
Réponse du Guichet
anonyme
- Département : Équipe du Guichet du Savoir
Le 18/04/2005 à 09h13
Il semble que l'histoire du cv en France, et en langue française, reste à écrire. Les seules références sérieuses que nous ayons trouvées sont en anglais et relatent l'histoire du développement du cv (resume en anglais) en Grande-Bretagne et aux Etats-Unis. Il est peut-être possible d'en déduire que cette pratique (nullement réglementée, à l'exception de certaines dispositions relatives à certaines professions qui obligent à fournir un cv, comme l'accès à la profession de journaliste) s'est d'abord développée dans ces pays avant d'être importée en France. Voici les documents disponibles sur le web à consulter :
* History of the Curriculum Vitae, proposé par une agence spécialisée dans la rédaction des cv :
One of the earliest incarnations of a CV-like document was provided by one of the forerunners of today’s recruitment agencies. “Mrs Massey’s Agency” specialised in supplying domestic servants to the upper classes during the 1800s. CVs provided by the agency were in the form of certificates of character and outlined the candidates’ previous employers and skills.
During the Second World War when huge numbers of people had to be recruited into jobs to contribute to the war effort, a need emerged to have a document that would provide the information on skills that prospective employers required.
During the 1960s candidate registers were used to promote possible employees. Details of candidates’ skills and experience were published and companies subscribed to the publications in order to find suitable candidates for their vacancies.
Once of the advantages of the CV proved to be reducing the time it took for employers to shortlist for interviews. Sending out application forms took time and money. CVs began to gain popularity.
During the 1960s and 1970s candidates had a tendency to include every detail they could muster resulting in CVs which were pages long. Today’s CVs are almost unrecognisable by comparison with 2/3 pages being the accepted norm.
There is still much debate about the style and content of modern day CVs with many candidates unsure of what information to include and what to leave out.
The most common way HR (Personnel) Departments receive CVs in the 21st century is via e-mail. According to a recent survey, around 60% of companies now accept CVs via e-mail.
* L'abstract de cette étude américaine Popken, Randall. (1999). “The Pedagogical Dissemination of a Genre: The Resume in American Business Discourse Textbooks, 1914-1939.” :
History of Resume Genre
In the USA, the resume has a hundred-year history. Randall Popken (1999) traced the genre’s emergence from a sub-section of the letter of employment application in the first decades of the twentieth century, through its development as an independent genre in the 1920s, to its eventual adoption of the term resume in the middle decades of the century. Though acknowledging the genre’s rigidity, Popken also recognized a potential for change with the advent of the Internet.
* Cet autre abstract d'une communication pour la conférence Language, Culture and Technology 2004 organisée par CIBER, Center for International Business and Educational Research : The Employment Resume in the United States, 1950-1999: Implications for Instructors of Business Communications. Sam H. DeKay (St. Johns University/The Bank of New York, Inc.) :
Since the 1950s, employment résumés have served critical functions for job applicants and hiring officers in the American workplace. However, despite the importance of this genre within American culture, the history of the résumé has never been a focus of scholarly investigation. This paper is intended to provide an overview of the historical evolution of the résumé since its popularization in the 1950s until the conclusion of the twentieth century. Also, the presentation will emphasize that the history of the employment résumé has practical implications for instructors of business communications seeking to prepare students for entry into the workforce.
Et voici pour terminer l'article le plus complet en ligne, History of the CV, qui tente de retracer une histoire du cv (en anglais), en précisant que ses origines restent nébuleuses et que son développement moderne date de la Seconde Guerre mondiale qui a conjugué des recrutements massifs au sein de l'armée avec une demande d'efficience plus aigüe. Cet article est publié par le département Langues et Culture contemporaine de l'Université de Milan, en voici un extrait :
However, despite this profusion of information, the history of the CV remains a nebulous area. This article seeks to give some possible origins for the CV and present an outline of some of the developments that have affected the CV up to the modern day. What the article does not seek to do is give an authoritative answer to how the CV came into existence.
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